.5 \mathrm{~m}$ apar. Tags and topics: JEE MAIN,JEE Advanced,JEE Mains,KCET,Mechanical Properties of Solids,Elasticity,NCERT,NEET,Waves,Stationary Waves, JEE Main Physics,Class 11 Physics,Class 12 Physics.">
.5 \mathrm{~m}$ apar. Tags and topics: JEE MAIN,JEE Advanced,JEE Mains,KCET,Mechanical Properties of Solids,Elasticity,NCERT,NEET,Waves,Stationary Waves, JEE Main Physics,Class 11 Physics,Class 12 Physics.">
.5 \mathrm{~m}$ apar. Tags and topics: JEE MAIN,JEE Advanced,JEE Mains,KCET,Mechanical Properties of Solids,Elasticity,NCERT,NEET,Waves,Stationary Waves, JEE Main Physics,Class 11 Physics,Class 12 Physics.">
A wire of density $8 \times 10^{3} \mathrm{~kg} / \mathrm{m}^{3}$ is stretched between two clamps $0.5 \mathrm{~m}$ apart. The extension developed in the wire is $3.2 \times 10^{-4} \mathrm{~m}$. If $Y=8 \times 10^{10} \mathrm{~N} / \mathrm{m}^{2}$, the fundamental frequency of vibration in the wire will be ___________ $\mathrm{Hz}$.
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Step-by-Step Solution
Step 1: Identify the Known Parameters
• Length of the wire: L = 0.5 \text{ m}
• Extension in the wire: \Delta L = 3.2 \times 10^{-4} \text{ m}
• Density of the wire: \rho = 8 \times 10^3 \text{ kg/m}^3
• Young's Modulus: Y = 8 \times 10^{10} \text{ N/m}^2
Step 2: Express the Tension in the Wire
The tension T is due to the extension produced. Young's Modulus Y is given by
Y = \frac{\text{Stress}}{\text{Strain}} = \frac{\frac{T}{A}}{\frac{\Delta L}{L}},
where A is the cross-sectional area of the wire. Rearranging for T :
T = \frac{Y \, \Delta L}{L} \times A.
Step 3: Determine the Wave Speed in the Wire
The wave speed v on a stretched wire is
v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}},
where \mu is the linear mass density of the wire. Because the volume density is \rho , the linear mass density is
\mu = \rho \, A.
Substituting T and \mu :
v = \sqrt{\frac{T}{\mu}}
= \sqrt{\frac{\frac{Y \, \Delta L}{L} \, A}{\rho \, A}}
= \sqrt{\frac{Y \, \Delta L}{\rho \, L}}.
Step 4: Substitute Numerical Values
Plug in Y = 8 \times 10^{10} \,\text{N/m}^2 , \Delta L = 3.2 \times 10^{-4} \,\text{m} ,
\rho = 8 \times 10^3 \,\text{kg/m}^3 , and L = 0.5 \,\text{m} :
v = \sqrt{\frac{8 \times 10^{10} \times 3.2 \times 10^{-4}}{8 \times 10^3 \times 0.5}}.
Evaluating the numerator:
8 \times 10^{10} \times 3.2 \times 10^{-4}
= 25.6 \times 10^6
= 2.56 \times 10^7.
Evaluating the denominator:
8 \times 10^3 \times 0.5 = 4 \times 10^3.
Hence,
\frac{2.56 \times 10^7}{4 \times 10^3}
= 0.64 \times 10^4
= 6.4 \times 10^3.
Therefore,
v = \sqrt{6.4 \times 10^3} = 80 \,\text{m/s}.
Step 5: Calculate the Fundamental Frequency
The fundamental frequency f of a wire fixed at both ends is
f = \frac{v}{2 L}.
Substituting v = 80 \,\text{m/s} and L = 0.5 \,\text{m} :
f = \frac{80}{2 \times 0.5} = \frac{80}{1} = 80 \,\text{Hz}.
Final Answer
The fundamental frequency of the wire is 80~\text{Hz} .