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623 K, Cu, 300 atm

623 K, 300 atm

573 K, 300 atm

573 K, Cu, 300 atm

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To understand the reaction of chlorobenzene with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), we need to consider the conditions under which this reaction occurs. The reaction of chlorobenzene with NaOH is a well-known method to produce sodium phenoxide, which is an important intermediate in organic synthesis. ### Step 1: Identify the Reaction Conditions The reaction of chlorobenzene with NaOH requires specific conditions to proceed efficiently. In this case, the conditions specified are: - Temperature: 623 K - Pressure: 300 atm These conditions are crucial because chlorobenzene is a relatively stable compound and requires high temperature and pressure to break the carbon-chlorine bond and facilitate the nucleophilic substitution reaction. ### Step 2: Understand the Reaction Mechanism The reaction mechanism involves the following steps: 1. **Nucleophilic Attack**: The hydroxide ion ($OH^-$) from sodium hydroxide acts as a nucleophile and attacks the carbon atom bonded to the chlorine in chlorobenzene. 2. **Formation of Sodium Phenoxide**: This leads to the formation of sodium phenoxide and the release of chloride ion ($Cl^-$). The overall reaction can be represented as: $$ \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{Cl} + \text{NaOH} \xrightarrow{623 \, K, \, 300 \, atm} \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{O}^- \text{Na}^+ + \text{Cl}^- $$ ### Step 3: Conclusion Thus, the correct answer to the question regarding the conditions under which chlorobenzene is fused with NaOH to obtain sodium phenoxide is indeed **623 K and 300 atm**. This high temperature and pressure are necessary to overcome the activation energy barrier for the reaction to proceed.

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