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Carbylamine test is a qualitative test used to detect the presence of primary amines in organic compounds. When a primary amine reacts with chloroform ($CHCl_3$) in the presence of a strong base like potassium hydroxide ($KOH$), it forms an isocyanide (also known as carbylamine).
In the case of aniline, which is a primary amine, the reaction proceeds as follows:
1. **Reaction Setup**: Mix aniline ($C_6H_5NH_2$) with chloroform ($CHCl_3$) and a strong base like potassium hydroxide ($KOH$).
2. **Formation of Isocyanide**: The reaction leads to the formation of an isocyanide. The general reaction can be represented as:
\[
C_6H_5NH_2 + CHCl_3 + 3KOH \rightarrow C_6H_5NC + 3KCl + 3H_2O
\]
Here, $C_6H_5NC$ is the isocyanide formed from aniline.
3. **Observation**: The formation of isocyanide is characterized by a strong, unpleasant odor, which is a distinctive feature of the carbylamine test.
Thus, when the carbylamine test is performed with aniline, the compound formed is an isocyanide, specifically phenyl isocyanide ($C_6H_5NC$).
