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Step-by-Step Explanation
Step 1: Understand the Statements
We have four statements (A), (B), (C), and (D). We need to check which ones are correct and which ones are wrong. The question asks us to find how many of these statements are wrong.
Step 2: Evaluate Statement (A)
Statement (A): “Colostrum is recommended for the new born because it is rich in antigen.”
Colostrum is indeed recommended for newborns. However, its primary benefit lies in its abundance of maternal antibodies (particularly IgA), not merely antigens. These maternal antibodies provide passive immunity to the infant. Saying it is “rich in antigen” is misleading, because the true purpose is to transfer protective antibodies, not antigens. For the purpose of the question, this statement can be considered inaccurate or misleading.
Step 3: Evaluate Statement (B)
Statement (B): “Chikungunya is caused by a Gram-negative bacterium.”
Chikungunya is a viral disease, transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus). It is not caused by any bacterium, let alone a Gram-negative bacterium. Hence, this statement is definitely wrong.
Step 4: Evaluate Statement (C)
Statement (C): “Tissue culture has proved useful in obtaining virus-free plants.”
This statement is correct. Tissue culture techniques, especially meristem culture, are frequently used to obtain virus-free strains of plants. By growing the small, actively dividing tissues of a plant, it is possible to cultivate healthy, pathogen-free plantlets.
Step 5: Evaluate Statement (D)
Statement (D): “Beer is manufactured by distillation of fermented grape juice.”
Beer is not made by distilling grape juice. Grape juice fermentation produces wine. Beer is typically made from the fermentation of cereal grains (usually barley) and does not involve distillation. Hence, this statement is also wrong.
Step 6: Count the Number of Wrong Statements
(A) is misleading/incorrect as stated.
(B) is wrong.
(C) is correct.
(D) is wrong.
Thus, three statements are wrong.
Step 7: Conclude the Correct Answer
The question asks: “How many of the above statements are wrong?”
Answer: Three.
