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Explanation for the Correct Answer: A and D
Introduction
The given question presents four statements relating to different types of plants (liverworts, mosses, pteridophytes, and gymnosperms) and asks us to identify which two statements are incorrect. The correct answer indicates that statements A and D are the wrong statements. Below is a structured explanation of why these two statements are wrong and the others are right.
Statement A: "The sporophyte in liverworts is more elaborate than that in mosses."
In reality, mosses typically have a more elaborate sporophyte compared to liverworts.
Liverworts have a simpler sporophyte, often lacking specialized structures such as a long seta or well-developed sporangium seen in many mosses. Hence, the given statement is incorrect.
Statement B: "Salvinia is heterosporous."
Salvinia, a water fern, produces two different kinds of spores: megaspores and microspores. This means it is indeed heterosporous. Thus, this statement is correct.
Statement C: "The life-cycle in all seed-bearing plants is diplontic."
Most seed-bearing plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) exhibit a diplontic life-cycle, where the sporophytic stage (diploid stage) is dominant and the gametophytic (haploid) stage is reduced. Therefore, this statement is correct.
Statement D: "In Pinus male and female cones are borne on different trees."
Pinus is actually monoecious, meaning a single plant bears both male and female cones. The statement asserts that they occur on different trees, which is incorrect. In Cycas, on the other hand, male cones and megasporophylls are produced on different trees (making it dioecious), not in Pinus.
Conclusion
Since statements A and D are both incorrect, while B and C are correct, the two wrong statements are indeed A and D.
